Over the past few years, a new toolbox has emerged that illiberal leaders in fragile democracies deploy to control and co-opt the press, with the aim of ensuring their stay in power. This toolbox leaves out tactics like censorship, force, or outright intimidation of journalists. Instead, it contains a collection of methods used to harness structural conditions. Once successful co-optation has taken place, media are incorporated into the system as building blocks that prop up those in power.
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Governments occasionally deploy laws and regulations to intimidate or interfere with journalists, or to drain them of their resources. But the illiberal toolbox rarely contains instruments for the sort of blunt-force legal repression, such as censorship, that would prompt immediate condemnation by neighboring democracies and media monitors. Instead, it is the politicized implementation of technical laws that puts pressure on independent outlets.
Establishing and supporting a progovernment media empire is as important a tactic in the illiberal toolbox as pressuring critical media. Such support can take many forms, including the preferential awarding of state advertising contracts, special financing schemes, and privileged treatment by tax authorities.
While illiberal co-optation does not eradicate independent journalism, it harnesses institutional weaknesses and market conditions to severely limit its reach and impact. Media consumers can still access quality journalism produced by small, public-minded teams of reporters, but in light of increasing government control of the media landscape, these outlets are fighting an uphill battle. The illiberal toolbox works because it discourages and obscures independent reporting, funnels limitless resources into the creation and maintenance of a loyal media juggernaut, and makes sure journalists know their place in the new system.
According to the size of the cracked tooth sample, the region of interest (ROI) was selected as 1168 pixels 876 pixels with the dimension of 22 mm 16.5 mm. The images (1 pixel approximately represents 20 micro-meters) were then used for DIC calculation. The size of the subzone in the deformed image was selected as 39 pixels 39 pixels. The searching region in the undeformed image was set as 69 pixels 69 pixels with a matching step size of 4 pixels, which lead to one minute for one image matching process by a computer equipped with Intel(R) Core (TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80Ghz and 8 GB RAM. Based on the principle of the digital image correlation method, the image processing program compared the reference speckle image with the deformed speckle image and obtained the displacement or deformation filed through correlation calculation according to the given speckle intensity before and after the deformation. The image matching procedure was implemented by the machine vision toolbox of LabVIEW. 2ff7e9595c
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